Understanding Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a term many women are familiar with, yet its impact is often underestimated. Affecting around 50% of women of reproductive age, PMS can range from mild discomfort to severe symptoms that interfere with daily life.

In this post, we’ll explore what PMS is, its symptoms, causes, and how it can be managed effectively.

PMS stands for Premenstrual Syndrome—a collection of physical and psychological symptoms that occur in the second half of the menstrual cycle. When does Premenstrual Syndrome  occur? PMS typically starts  1-2 weeks before the onset of menstruation. These symptoms usually subside once menstruation begins.

About 80-90% of women experience at least one symptom of PMS during their reproductive years. While some may have mild symptoms, others may experience severe symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. Approximately 20% of women with PMS experience symptoms so severe that they impact their daily functioning.

PMS symptoms are diverse and can be grouped into physical and psychological categories.

Physical Symptoms:

Nausea
Bloating
Breast tenderness
Lower back pain
Lower abdominal pain
Leg swelling

Psychological Symptoms:

Mood swings
Anxiety
Depression
Anger
Irritability
Restlessness
Fatigue
Crying spells
The most severe form of PMS, known as Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), can cause extreme emotional and physical distress.

The exact cause of PMS is still not fully understood. However, it is believed to be linked to hormonal fluctuations in the menstrual cycle, particularly involving progesterone and estrogen. Decreased serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation, may also play a significant role in the psychological symptoms of PMS.

There is no single test for diagnosing PMS. Diagnosis is typically based on the timing and nature of symptoms, along with ruling out other potential causes.

Premenstrual Syndrome Treatment Options:

Behavioral Changes:

Regular exercise can help reduce symptoms.
Eating foods rich in complex carbohydrates may increase serotonin levels, alleviating some psychological symptoms.
Ensuring adequate sleep and managing stress are crucial in managing PMS.

Medical Management:

Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills: These can help regulate hormonal fluctuations.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): These medications are often used to treat the psychological symptoms of PMS.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These are effective for pain relief.

Management of PMS often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving healthcare providers from various specialties to address the diverse symptoms effectively.

PMS is a common condition that affects a significant number of women. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help in managing its impact on daily life. If you or someone you know is struggling with severe PMS symptoms, it’s important to seek professional help to explore the best treatment options available. 

Nyalife Women’s Health Clinic we would like you to understand that what you are experiencing affects many women. Do you experience mood swings, bloating, or fatigue before your period? You might be dealing with PMS.

Psychological symptoms range from mood swings to depression and anxiety. Experiencing severe PMS? You’re not alone—seek help!

While PMS is common, it doesn’t have to control your life. From lifestyle changes like exercise and stress management to medical treatments, there are ways to manage the symptoms. If you’re struggling with severe symptoms, it might be time to consult a gynecologist.

Talk to us today by scheduling your appointment and let us forge a way forward!

Stay Informed, Stay Healthy.